Thursday, December 13, 2012

ქართული ხუროთმოძგვრების ხიამაყე



 gergetis sameba landSaftan SerwymiT da mimzidveli kompoziciiT saqarTvelos Zveli xuroTmoZRvrebis erT-arTi siamayea.
taZrisa da samreklosaTvis Tergis xeoba iseTi maRali mTaa SerCeuli, romelsac fonad myinvarwveri aqvs. am TeTr fonze nagebobaTa siluetebi kargadaa gamokveTili. avtorisaTvis mTavari iyo xedi aRmosavleTidan, radgan mosaxleoba mxolod aqedan modioda da xeobis magistralic am mxareze gadioda. istoriuli xevis maSindeli centric dRevandeli raionuli centris adgilas unda yofiliyo. maSin aq, mdinare Tergis marcxena mxares, sofeli gergeti iyo, xolo meore mxares _ sofeli stefanwminda (axla yazbegi).
samebis taZari gergets ekuTvnoda da amitom mas, Cveulebriv, gergetis samebas eZaxian. magram mas Semdeg, rac aq stefanwmindas saxeli yazbegiT Seucvales, myinvarwvers yazbegis mwvervali Searqves da, saerTod, istoriuli xevis centri yazbegi gaxda, xSirad taZars “yazbegis samebas” eZaxian. Amjamad literaturaSi orive saxels SevxvdebiT, magram Cven Tavdapirveli saxeli varCieT.
sameba saqarTvelos mTianeTSi erTaderTi gumbaTovani taZaria.
gergetis samebis irgvliv sakmaod didi literaturaa, magram masSi uSualod Zegls mTlianad ar ixilaven. Zegli monografiulad Seiswavla T. sanikiZem da ZiriTadi debulebebi gamosca. am naSroms saWiroebis mixedviT veyrdnobiT. 

                           გერგეტი და მყინვარი


istoriuli wyaroebidan vaxuStis cnobaa amjamad Cventvis saintereso. igi wers: “stefanwmindis . . . dasavliT aris gergeTi, aragvs iqiT kidesa. zeiT amissa ars, myinvaris kalTasa zeda, monastery samebisa, gumbaTiani, mcxeTis samkaulis saxizrad, sadac esvena ninos jvari, mSveniernaSeni, Sveniers adgils”.
amasTan, sxva cnobebis mixedviTac sameba monastery iyo. adgilze SemorCenilia taZari, samreklo da yored nawyobi galavani. monastrisaTvis saWiro nagebobebi ar SerCenila. rac Seexeba xevsa da mTiuleTs, isini wilknis saepiskopoSi Sediodnen.
gergetis taZars TariRi ara aqvs. Mis mSeneblobasa da mSeneblebze cnobebi araa Semonaxuli
Aarqiteqturul- mxatvruli analizi
gansaxilveli Zegli, gergeTis sameba XI _ XIV saukuneebis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis ganviTarebis bolo safexurze dgas. erTi Tvalis Sevlebac sakmarisia, rom igi ar davayenoT aRmavlobis periodis ZeglTa gverdiT. Misi adgili ganviTarebis daRmaval xazzea, igi XIII saukunisa da XIV saukunis Zeglebs Soris unda veZeboT. Analizis dawyebamde SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom mas safaris, zarzmisa da caiSis Semdeg unda mivuCinoT adgili. Mis momdevno etapze ki moTavsdeba Wule, bieTi, Tiseli da sxva.
Am qronologiasTan dakavSirebiT erTxel kidev unda gavusvaT xazi, rom yazbegis samebis adgili ar aris caiSisa da zarzmis ( agebuli ara ugvianes 1308 wlisa) taZrebis gverdiT, aramed igi maT momdevno safexurzea. Magram isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom igi arc WuleTs, bieTisa da Tiselis gverdiT dgas. Yazbegi ar aris arc pirveli jgufisa da arc meore jgufis Tanamedrove; igi maT Sorisaa, magram pirvelTan ufro axlosaa, vidre meoresTan.
rodesac nagebobis gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaze vwerT, aq igulisxmeba ara misi tipi, aramed proporciebi, zogierTi nawilis formebi da, rac mTavaria, fasadebis morTuloba. Yvelaferi es da zogi ram sxva detalic gansazRvravs nagebobis stils, mis Taviseburebas, es Tavisebureba ki TavisTavad imis maCvenebelia, rom Zegli dekadansis periodSia agebuli. sadRaa maRali gemovnebiT, mxatvrulad CamonakvTuli is nawarmoebebi, romlebsac agebdnen XI _ XII saukuneebisa da XIII saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi.
Polotikuri da ekonomiuri sisuste, qveynis saerTo dekadansi iwvevs xelovnebis dacemas. stilis axali safexuri, romelic safaris Zeglze naTlad gamovlinda, zarzmaSi Camoyalibebuli saxiT gvaqvs. Xolo momdevno etapze mdgari yazbegis taZari aSkarad gamoxatavs daRmavali xazis axal dones, magram rogorc ki warmovidgenT momdevno etapze mdgar Wules, bieTsa da Tisels, maSinve davafasebT yazbegis avtors. saqme imaSia, rom gergetis ZeglSi imaTTan Sedarebit jer kidev rigzea yvelaferi. Wule-bieTis xana daRmarTis is ukanaskneli safexuria, romlis iqiT movlenebi ar Secvlila. Gza aRar aris marTlac. Semdeg safexurze xdeba mravalmxrivi gamococxleba, rasac mohyva cvlilebebi arqiteqturaSi. Aq saubaria im xanaze, rodesac warmoiSva Suamta, gremi, ananuri; aq ar aris is gaugebroba, romelsac vxedavT Tiselis Zeglze.
gergetis samebis avtors adgilis SerCevis iSviaTi unary hqonda. taZari da samreklo ise koxtadaa warmodgenili maRali mTis wverze, rom xeobaSi gamvleli Tvals ver acilebs. aRtacebulni adian masze bilikebiT. suraTi sul icvleba, xan myinvarwveris fonze, xan kidev cis tatnobze. taZari amayad dgas da gadahyurebs irgvliv mdgar xeobebs, magram galavnSi Sesuls aRtaceba uneldeba, radgan taZari ar aris iseTi, rogoric mas unaxavs mas wina epoqaSi.
Garedan Tu asset siamovnebas ganicdiT, interierSi SesvlisTanave TvalSi gecemaT qveda tanisa da gumbaTis yelis Seusabamoba. taZris qveda tans Tu SevadarebT gumbaTis yels, vnaxavT, rom isini erTi erTzea. Es Sefardeba ki TvalisTvis Zalian cudia. Am Seusabamobas isic emateba, rom SigniT cotaTi bnela, sinaTlis wyaroebis naklebobaa. amasTanave, Semsvleli gaocebuli Sehyurebs maRali gumbaTis yels, sadac patara sarkmlebi Seusabamod, yovelgvari proporciis daucvelad ganlagebula maRla.
 sxva mxriv interieris calkeul nawilebs Tu ganvixilavT, bevrgan tradiciul gadawyvetas vnaxavT. Upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, taZris ZiriTadi sivrcis Seqmna. Mis miRebaSi mTavaria jvris oTxi mklavi da centrSi aRmarTuli gumbaTi, romelic eyrdnoba, rogorc es XI saukunidan aris miRebuli, sakurTxevlis kuTxeebs da dasavleTiT Tavisuflad mdgar or svets. TviT jvris mklavebi ar aris ise mkveTrad amoyvanili, rogorc amas adrevxvdebodiT. Bema faqtobrivad gamoyofili araa, igi TandaTanobiT SesamCnevad viwrovdeba da gegmaSi trapeciis forma aqvs. gumbaTic zemoTken viwrovdeba. es uzustobani, mSeneblis dabal ostatobaze miuTiTebs. aq SeiZleba vigulisxmoT ostatis ganzraxva, boloebis daviwroebiT Seeqmna perspeqtivis STabeWdileba. centrSi mdgari dasavleTis mklavs ufro rbilad aRiqvams.წყარო 

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